The Gallipoli Star (Harp Madalyası), issued between 1915 and 1923, is one of the most iconic military decorations of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Known internationally as the Gallipoli Star or Iron Crescent, it was awarded for valor and distinguished service during the Gallipoli Campaign and other military operations. Here is an in-depth overview:
Historical Context
Institution: The medal was instituted in 1915 by Sultan Mehmed V to recognize the bravery of Ottoman and allied German officers during World War I.
Campaign Significance: The Gallipoli Campaign (Çanakkale Savaşı) was a pivotal battle where Ottoman forces successfully defended against Allied powers, solidifying this decoration’s symbolic importance.
Design and Features
Diameter:
55.30 mm, highlighting its substantial size, making it a bold and visually striking medal.
Material:
Typically made of silvered brass or tombak, with red enamel filling the crescent and star, symbolizing the Ottoman flag.
Some versions were gilded or featured slight variations depending on the maker.
Design Elements:
Crescent and Star: Central elements representing the Ottoman Empire.
Enamel Work: Red enamel fills the crescent and star, though wear and damage are common in surviving examples.
Reverse: Often bears the maker’s mark and a pin-back design for attachment to a uniform.
Marking:
BB&Co: Indicates manufacture by B.B. & Company, a Berlin-based firm contracted to produce many of these medals for the Ottoman Empire.
Historical Significance
The Gallipoli Star symbolizes one of the Ottoman Empire's most significant military victories during World War I.
The decoration was awarded to Ottoman and allied officers, further cementing its importance in cross-national military history.
Collectible Value
Desirability: The Gallipoli Star is highly sought after by collectors of Ottoman, WWI, and military memorabilia.
BB&Co Marking: Enhances its authenticity and collectible appeal as it identifies a recognized maker from the era.
Summary
The Gallipoli Star (Harp Madalyası) is a prestigious military decoration measuring 55.30 mm in diameter, marked by the Berlin-based BB&Co. It is a symbol of Ottoman courage during World War I, particularly in the Gallipoli Campaign. Despite common wear, its historical significance and connection to a pivotal moment in military history make it a treasured collectible.